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主题:ASEANEconomicCommunityAreWeThereYet论文写作 时间:2024-02-14

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The ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) was officially launched on the very last day of 2015 but many people, especially in Indonesia, will argue there will be no significant changes to their daily life.

This, indeed, might be true. After all, commitments to creating a free flow of goods, services, investment and capital have already been in place since 2002 through ASEAN’s effort to establish the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA).

Between 1993 and 2002, gradually, ASEAN members have applied a tariff rate of 0-5 percent for most goods originating from within ASEAN, even though different mechanisms apply for more recent members of ASEAN, countries known as CMLV (Cambodia, Myanmar, Laos and Vietnam).

Furthermore, there have been many agreements on various aspects of the free-trade area and the process of the AEC. Yet, the implementation of those commitments and agreements is still in question.

In this regard, there are at least two measures that can be used to assess whether ASEAN has achieved its single market and production base objectives: first, the elimination of trade barriers both in terms of tariff reduction and non-tariff barriers; and second, a high degree of interdependency among the ASEAN member states in terms of their trade relations, which can be seen from comparing intra- and extra-ASEAN trade relations.

The higher of the degree of intra-ASEAN trade relations, the higher the degree of interdependency among ASEAN member countries, which also means a higher possibility of integration.

According to the AEC Chartbook 2014, since 2003, the original members of ASEAN, known as ASEAN-6, have made rapid progress in reducing tariff rates to zero for over 50 percent of the agreed commodity list.

This is also in line with the McKinsey Global Institute Report 2014, which found that the achievement of ASEAN countries in reducing tariff to be quite impressive.

There have been no crucial changes in trade relations among ASEAN members.

Nevertheless, hindering factors are still widely prevalent, particularly on non-tariff measures. These include different standards and regulations that impede the free flows of goods, services, investment and capital, as well as skilled labor.

In addition to that, there are many other non-tariff measures, including administrative charges, certificates of approval, import licensing, quantity-control measures, internal taxes and other prohibition measures.

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